diff --git a/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/importer/index.js b/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/importer/index.js
index d906bdfb14c..7f7876e560d 100644
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/importer/index.js
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/importer/index.js
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
+import { createPollFromServerJSON } from 'mastodon/models/poll';
+
 import { importAccounts } from '../accounts_typed';
 
-import { normalizeStatus, normalizePoll } from './normalizer';
+import { normalizeStatus } from './normalizer';
+import { importPolls } from './polls';
 
 export const STATUS_IMPORT   = 'STATUS_IMPORT';
 export const STATUSES_IMPORT = 'STATUSES_IMPORT';
-export const POLLS_IMPORT    = 'POLLS_IMPORT';
 export const FILTERS_IMPORT  = 'FILTERS_IMPORT';
 
 function pushUnique(array, object) {
@@ -25,10 +27,6 @@ export function importFilters(filters) {
   return { type: FILTERS_IMPORT, filters };
 }
 
-export function importPolls(polls) {
-  return { type: POLLS_IMPORT, polls };
-}
-
 export function importFetchedAccount(account) {
   return importFetchedAccounts([account]);
 }
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ export function importFetchedStatuses(statuses) {
       }
 
       if (status.poll?.id) {
-        pushUnique(polls, normalizePoll(status.poll, getState().getIn(['polls', status.poll.id])));
+        pushUnique(polls, createPollFromServerJSON(status.poll, getState().polls.get(status.poll.id)));
       }
 
       if (status.card?.author_account) {
@@ -83,15 +81,9 @@ export function importFetchedStatuses(statuses) {
 
     statuses.forEach(processStatus);
 
-    dispatch(importPolls(polls));
+    dispatch(importPolls({ polls }));
     dispatch(importFetchedAccounts(accounts));
     dispatch(importStatuses(normalStatuses));
     dispatch(importFilters(filters));
   };
 }
-
-export function importFetchedPoll(poll) {
-  return (dispatch, getState) => {
-    dispatch(importPolls([normalizePoll(poll, getState().getIn(['polls', poll.id]))]));
-  };
-}
diff --git a/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/importer/normalizer.js b/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/importer/normalizer.js
index be76b0f3916..17ba712e366 100644
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/importer/normalizer.js
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/importer/normalizer.js
@@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
 import escapeTextContentForBrowser from 'escape-html';
 
+import { makeEmojiMap } from 'mastodon/models/custom_emoji';
+
 import emojify from '../../features/emoji/emoji';
 import { expandSpoilers } from '../../initial_state';
 
 const domParser = new DOMParser();
 
-const makeEmojiMap = emojis => emojis.reduce((obj, emoji) => {
-  obj[`:${emoji.shortcode}:`] = emoji;
-  return obj;
-}, {});
-
 export function searchTextFromRawStatus (status) {
   const spoilerText   = status.spoiler_text || '';
   const searchContent = ([spoilerText, status.content].concat((status.poll && status.poll.options) ? status.poll.options.map(option => option.title) : [])).concat(status.media_attachments.map(att => att.description)).join('\n\n').replace(/<br\s*\/?>/g, '\n').replace(/<\/p><p>/g, '\n\n');
@@ -105,38 +102,6 @@ export function normalizeStatusTranslation(translation, status) {
   return normalTranslation;
 }
 
-export function normalizePoll(poll, normalOldPoll) {
-  const normalPoll = { ...poll };
-  const emojiMap = makeEmojiMap(poll.emojis);
-
-  normalPoll.options = poll.options.map((option, index) => {
-    const normalOption = {
-      ...option,
-      voted: poll.own_votes && poll.own_votes.includes(index),
-      titleHtml: emojify(escapeTextContentForBrowser(option.title), emojiMap),
-    };
-
-    if (normalOldPoll && normalOldPoll.getIn(['options', index, 'title']) === option.title) {
-      normalOption.translation = normalOldPoll.getIn(['options', index, 'translation']);
-    }
-
-    return normalOption;
-  });
-
-  return normalPoll;
-}
-
-export function normalizePollOptionTranslation(translation, poll) {
-  const emojiMap = makeEmojiMap(poll.get('emojis').toJS());
-
-  const normalTranslation = {
-    ...translation,
-    titleHtml: emojify(escapeTextContentForBrowser(translation.title), emojiMap),
-  };
-
-  return normalTranslation;
-}
-
 export function normalizeAnnouncement(announcement) {
   const normalAnnouncement = { ...announcement };
   const emojiMap = makeEmojiMap(normalAnnouncement.emojis);
diff --git a/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/importer/polls.ts b/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/importer/polls.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5bbe7d57d67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/importer/polls.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import { createAction } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';
+
+import type { Poll } from 'mastodon/models/poll';
+
+export const importPolls = createAction<{ polls: Poll[] }>(
+  'poll/importMultiple',
+);
diff --git a/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/polls.js b/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/polls.js
deleted file mode 100644
index aa49341444c..00000000000
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/polls.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-import api from '../api';
-
-import { importFetchedPoll } from './importer';
-
-export const POLL_VOTE_REQUEST = 'POLL_VOTE_REQUEST';
-export const POLL_VOTE_SUCCESS = 'POLL_VOTE_SUCCESS';
-export const POLL_VOTE_FAIL    = 'POLL_VOTE_FAIL';
-
-export const POLL_FETCH_REQUEST = 'POLL_FETCH_REQUEST';
-export const POLL_FETCH_SUCCESS = 'POLL_FETCH_SUCCESS';
-export const POLL_FETCH_FAIL    = 'POLL_FETCH_FAIL';
-
-export const vote = (pollId, choices) => (dispatch) => {
-  dispatch(voteRequest());
-
-  api().post(`/api/v1/polls/${pollId}/votes`, { choices })
-    .then(({ data }) => {
-      dispatch(importFetchedPoll(data));
-      dispatch(voteSuccess(data));
-    })
-    .catch(err => dispatch(voteFail(err)));
-};
-
-export const fetchPoll = pollId => (dispatch) => {
-  dispatch(fetchPollRequest());
-
-  api().get(`/api/v1/polls/${pollId}`)
-    .then(({ data }) => {
-      dispatch(importFetchedPoll(data));
-      dispatch(fetchPollSuccess(data));
-    })
-    .catch(err => dispatch(fetchPollFail(err)));
-};
-
-export const voteRequest = () => ({
-  type: POLL_VOTE_REQUEST,
-});
-
-export const voteSuccess = poll => ({
-  type: POLL_VOTE_SUCCESS,
-  poll,
-});
-
-export const voteFail = error => ({
-  type: POLL_VOTE_FAIL,
-  error,
-});
-
-export const fetchPollRequest = () => ({
-  type: POLL_FETCH_REQUEST,
-});
-
-export const fetchPollSuccess = poll => ({
-  type: POLL_FETCH_SUCCESS,
-  poll,
-});
-
-export const fetchPollFail = error => ({
-  type: POLL_FETCH_FAIL,
-  error,
-});
diff --git a/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/polls.ts b/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/polls.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1c1a2a7e39e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/actions/polls.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import type { ApiPollJSON } from 'mastodon/api_types/polls';
+import { createPollFromServerJSON } from 'mastodon/models/poll';
+import {
+  createAppAsyncThunk,
+  createDataLoadingThunk,
+} from 'mastodon/store/typed_functions';
+
+import { apiRequest } from '../api';
+
+import { importPolls } from './importer/polls';
+
+export const importFetchedPoll = createAppAsyncThunk(
+  'poll/importFetched',
+  (args: { poll: ApiPollJSON }, { dispatch, getState }) => {
+    const { poll } = args;
+
+    dispatch(
+      importPolls({
+        polls: [createPollFromServerJSON(poll, getState().polls.get(poll.id))],
+      }),
+    );
+  },
+);
+
+export const vote = createDataLoadingThunk(
+  'poll/vote',
+  ({ pollId, choices }: { pollId: string; choices: unknown }) =>
+    apiRequest<ApiPollJSON>('POST', `/v1/polls/${pollId}/votes`, {
+      choices,
+    }),
+  async (poll, { dispatch, discardLoadData }) => {
+    await dispatch(importFetchedPoll({ poll }));
+    return discardLoadData;
+  },
+);
+
+export const fetchPoll = createDataLoadingThunk(
+  'poll/fetch',
+  ({ pollId }: { pollId: string }) =>
+    apiRequest<ApiPollJSON>('GET', `/v1/polls/${pollId}`),
+  async (poll, { dispatch }) => {
+    await dispatch(importFetchedPoll({ poll }));
+  },
+);
diff --git a/app/javascript/mastodon/api_types/polls.ts b/app/javascript/mastodon/api_types/polls.ts
index 8181f7b813b..07de107de42 100644
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/api_types/polls.ts
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/api_types/polls.ts
@@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ export interface ApiPollOptionJSON {
 
 export interface ApiPollJSON {
   id: string;
-  expires_at: string;
+  expires_at?: string;
   expired: boolean;
   multiple: boolean;
   votes_count: number;
-  voters_count: number;
+  voters_count?: number;
 
   options: ApiPollOptionJSON[];
   emojis: ApiCustomEmojiJSON[];
 
-  voted: boolean;
-  own_votes: number[];
+  voted?: boolean;
+  own_votes?: number[];
 }
diff --git a/app/javascript/mastodon/components/poll.jsx b/app/javascript/mastodon/components/poll.jsx
index 7b836f00b1a..2fdab730d3f 100644
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/components/poll.jsx
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/components/poll.jsx
@@ -33,15 +33,10 @@ const messages = defineMessages({
   },
 });
 
-const makeEmojiMap = record => record.get('emojis').reduce((obj, emoji) => {
-  obj[`:${emoji.get('shortcode')}:`] = emoji.toJS();
-  return obj;
-}, {});
-
 class Poll extends ImmutablePureComponent {
   static propTypes = {
     identity: identityContextPropShape,
-    poll: ImmutablePropTypes.map,
+    poll: ImmutablePropTypes.record.isRequired,
     lang: PropTypes.string,
     intl: PropTypes.object.isRequired,
     disabled: PropTypes.bool,
@@ -144,7 +139,7 @@ class Poll extends ImmutablePureComponent {
     let titleHtml = option.getIn(['translation', 'titleHtml']) || option.get('titleHtml');
 
     if (!titleHtml) {
-      const emojiMap = makeEmojiMap(poll);
+      const emojiMap = emojiMap(poll);
       titleHtml = emojify(escapeTextContentForBrowser(title), emojiMap);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/javascript/mastodon/containers/poll_container.js b/app/javascript/mastodon/containers/poll_container.js
index 84823454316..0b246d49312 100644
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/containers/poll_container.js
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/containers/poll_container.js
@@ -8,19 +8,19 @@ import Poll from 'mastodon/components/poll';
 const mapDispatchToProps = (dispatch, { pollId }) => ({
   refresh: debounce(
     () => {
-      dispatch(fetchPoll(pollId));
+      dispatch(fetchPoll({ pollId }));
     },
     1000,
     { leading: true },
   ),
 
   onVote (choices) {
-    dispatch(vote(pollId, choices));
+    dispatch(vote({ pollId, choices }));
   },
 });
 
 const mapStateToProps = (state, { pollId }) => ({
-  poll: state.getIn(['polls', pollId]),
+  poll: state.polls.get(pollId),
 });
 
 export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(Poll);
diff --git a/app/javascript/mastodon/models/account.ts b/app/javascript/mastodon/models/account.ts
index a04ebe62915..3c66d5f2397 100644
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/models/account.ts
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/models/account.ts
@@ -8,12 +8,11 @@ import type {
   ApiAccountRoleJSON,
   ApiAccountJSON,
 } from 'mastodon/api_types/accounts';
-import type { ApiCustomEmojiJSON } from 'mastodon/api_types/custom_emoji';
 import emojify from 'mastodon/features/emoji/emoji';
 import { unescapeHTML } from 'mastodon/utils/html';
 
-import { CustomEmojiFactory } from './custom_emoji';
-import type { CustomEmoji } from './custom_emoji';
+import { CustomEmojiFactory, makeEmojiMap } from './custom_emoji';
+import type { CustomEmoji, EmojiMap } from './custom_emoji';
 
 // AccountField
 interface AccountFieldShape extends Required<ApiAccountFieldJSON> {
@@ -99,15 +98,6 @@ export const accountDefaultValues: AccountShape = {
 
 const AccountFactory = ImmutableRecord<AccountShape>(accountDefaultValues);
 
-type EmojiMap = Record<string, ApiCustomEmojiJSON>;
-
-function makeEmojiMap(emojis: ApiCustomEmojiJSON[]) {
-  return emojis.reduce<EmojiMap>((obj, emoji) => {
-    obj[`:${emoji.shortcode}:`] = emoji;
-    return obj;
-  }, {});
-}
-
 function createAccountField(
   jsonField: ApiAccountFieldJSON,
   emojiMap: EmojiMap,
diff --git a/app/javascript/mastodon/models/custom_emoji.ts b/app/javascript/mastodon/models/custom_emoji.ts
index 76479f3aebf..5297dcd4704 100644
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/models/custom_emoji.ts
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/models/custom_emoji.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,32 @@
-import type { RecordOf } from 'immutable';
-import { Record } from 'immutable';
+import type { RecordOf, List as ImmutableList } from 'immutable';
+import { Record as ImmutableRecord, isList } from 'immutable';
 
 import type { ApiCustomEmojiJSON } from 'mastodon/api_types/custom_emoji';
 
 type CustomEmojiShape = Required<ApiCustomEmojiJSON>; // no changes from server shape
 export type CustomEmoji = RecordOf<CustomEmojiShape>;
 
-export const CustomEmojiFactory = Record<CustomEmojiShape>({
+export const CustomEmojiFactory = ImmutableRecord<CustomEmojiShape>({
   shortcode: '',
   static_url: '',
   url: '',
   category: '',
   visible_in_picker: false,
 });
+
+export type EmojiMap = Record<string, ApiCustomEmojiJSON>;
+
+export function makeEmojiMap(
+  emojis: ApiCustomEmojiJSON[] | ImmutableList<CustomEmoji>,
+) {
+  if (isList(emojis)) {
+    return emojis.reduce<EmojiMap>((obj, emoji) => {
+      obj[`:${emoji.shortcode}:`] = emoji.toJS();
+      return obj;
+    }, {});
+  } else
+    return emojis.reduce<EmojiMap>((obj, emoji) => {
+      obj[`:${emoji.shortcode}:`] = emoji;
+      return obj;
+    }, {});
+}
diff --git a/app/javascript/mastodon/models/poll.ts b/app/javascript/mastodon/models/poll.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ca61a88ae0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/models/poll.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import type { RecordOf } from 'immutable';
+import { Record, List } from 'immutable';
+
+import escapeTextContentForBrowser from 'escape-html';
+
+import type { ApiPollJSON, ApiPollOptionJSON } from 'mastodon/api_types/polls';
+import emojify from 'mastodon/features/emoji/emoji';
+
+import { CustomEmojiFactory, makeEmojiMap } from './custom_emoji';
+import type { CustomEmoji, EmojiMap } from './custom_emoji';
+
+interface PollOptionTranslationShape {
+  title: string;
+  titleHtml: string;
+}
+
+export type PollOptionTranslation = RecordOf<PollOptionTranslationShape>;
+
+export const PollOptionTranslationFactory = Record<PollOptionTranslationShape>({
+  title: '',
+  titleHtml: '',
+});
+
+interface PollOptionShape extends Required<ApiPollOptionJSON> {
+  voted: boolean;
+  titleHtml: string;
+  translation: PollOptionTranslation | null;
+}
+
+export function createPollOptionTranslationFromServerJSON(
+  translation: { title: string },
+  emojiMap: EmojiMap,
+) {
+  return PollOptionTranslationFactory({
+    ...translation,
+    titleHtml: emojify(
+      escapeTextContentForBrowser(translation.title),
+      emojiMap,
+    ),
+  });
+}
+
+export type PollOption = RecordOf<PollOptionShape>;
+
+export const PollOptionFactory = Record<PollOptionShape>({
+  title: '',
+  votes_count: 0,
+  voted: false,
+  titleHtml: '',
+  translation: null,
+});
+
+interface PollShape
+  extends Omit<ApiPollJSON, 'emojis' | 'options' | 'own_votes'> {
+  emojis: List<CustomEmoji>;
+  options: List<PollOption>;
+  own_votes: List<number>;
+}
+export type Poll = RecordOf<PollShape>;
+
+export const PollFactory = Record<PollShape>({
+  id: '',
+  expires_at: '',
+  expired: false,
+  multiple: false,
+  voters_count: undefined,
+  votes_count: 0,
+  voted: false,
+  emojis: List<CustomEmoji>(),
+  options: List<PollOption>(),
+  own_votes: List(),
+});
+
+export function createPollFromServerJSON(
+  serverJSON: ApiPollJSON,
+  previousPoll?: Poll,
+) {
+  const emojiMap = makeEmojiMap(serverJSON.emojis);
+
+  return PollFactory({
+    ...serverJSON,
+    emojis: List(serverJSON.emojis.map((emoji) => CustomEmojiFactory(emoji))),
+    own_votes: List(serverJSON.own_votes),
+    options: List(
+      serverJSON.options.map((optionJSON, index) => {
+        const option = PollOptionFactory({
+          ...optionJSON,
+          voted: serverJSON.own_votes?.includes(index) || false,
+          titleHtml: emojify(
+            escapeTextContentForBrowser(optionJSON.title),
+            emojiMap,
+          ),
+        });
+
+        const prevOption = previousPoll?.options.get(index);
+        if (prevOption?.translation && prevOption.title === option.title) {
+          const { translation } = prevOption;
+
+          option.set(
+            'translation',
+            createPollOptionTranslationFromServerJSON(translation, emojiMap),
+          );
+        }
+
+        return option;
+      }),
+    ),
+  });
+}
diff --git a/app/javascript/mastodon/reducers/index.ts b/app/javascript/mastodon/reducers/index.ts
index 6296ef20269..13baa158319 100644
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/reducers/index.ts
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/reducers/index.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import { notificationPolicyReducer } from './notification_policy';
 import { notificationRequestsReducer } from './notification_requests';
 import notifications from './notifications';
 import { pictureInPictureReducer } from './picture_in_picture';
-import polls from './polls';
+import { pollsReducer } from './polls';
 import push_notifications from './push_notifications';
 import { relationshipsReducer } from './relationships';
 import search from './search';
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ const reducers = {
   filters,
   conversations,
   suggestions,
-  polls,
+  polls: pollsReducer,
   trends,
   markers: markersReducer,
   picture_in_picture: pictureInPictureReducer,
diff --git a/app/javascript/mastodon/reducers/polls.js b/app/javascript/mastodon/reducers/polls.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 5e8e775dac8..00000000000
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/reducers/polls.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-import { Map as ImmutableMap, fromJS } from 'immutable';
-
-import { POLLS_IMPORT } from 'mastodon/actions/importer';
-
-import { normalizePollOptionTranslation } from '../actions/importer/normalizer';
-import { STATUS_TRANSLATE_SUCCESS, STATUS_TRANSLATE_UNDO } from '../actions/statuses';
-
-const importPolls = (state, polls) => state.withMutations(map => polls.forEach(poll => map.set(poll.id, fromJS(poll))));
-
-const statusTranslateSuccess = (state, pollTranslation) => {
-  return state.withMutations(map => {
-    if (pollTranslation) {
-      const poll = state.get(pollTranslation.id);
-
-      pollTranslation.options.forEach((item, index) => {
-        map.setIn([pollTranslation.id, 'options', index, 'translation'], fromJS(normalizePollOptionTranslation(item, poll)));
-      });
-    }
-  });
-};
-
-const statusTranslateUndo = (state, id) => {
-  return state.withMutations(map => {
-    const options = map.getIn([id, 'options']);
-
-    if (options) {
-      options.forEach((item, index) => map.deleteIn([id, 'options', index, 'translation']));
-    }
-  });
-};
-
-const initialState = ImmutableMap();
-
-export default function polls(state = initialState, action) {
-  switch(action.type) {
-  case POLLS_IMPORT:
-    return importPolls(state, action.polls);
-  case STATUS_TRANSLATE_SUCCESS:
-    return statusTranslateSuccess(state, action.translation.poll);
-  case STATUS_TRANSLATE_UNDO:
-    return statusTranslateUndo(state, action.pollId);
-  default:
-    return state;
-  }
-}
diff --git a/app/javascript/mastodon/reducers/polls.ts b/app/javascript/mastodon/reducers/polls.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b9a5d2ff8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/reducers/polls.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import type { Reducer } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';
+import { Map as ImmutableMap } from 'immutable';
+
+import { importPolls } from 'mastodon/actions/importer/polls';
+import { makeEmojiMap } from 'mastodon/models/custom_emoji';
+import { createPollOptionTranslationFromServerJSON } from 'mastodon/models/poll';
+import type { Poll } from 'mastodon/models/poll';
+
+import {
+  STATUS_TRANSLATE_SUCCESS,
+  STATUS_TRANSLATE_UNDO,
+} from '../actions/statuses';
+
+const initialState = ImmutableMap<string, Poll>();
+type PollsState = typeof initialState;
+
+const statusTranslateSuccess = (
+  state: PollsState,
+  pollTranslation: Poll | undefined,
+) => {
+  if (!pollTranslation) return state;
+
+  return state.withMutations((map) => {
+    const poll = state.get(pollTranslation.id);
+
+    if (!poll) return;
+
+    const emojiMap = makeEmojiMap(poll.emojis);
+
+    pollTranslation.options.forEach((item, index) => {
+      map.setIn(
+        [pollTranslation.id, 'options', index, 'translation'],
+        createPollOptionTranslationFromServerJSON(item, emojiMap),
+      );
+    });
+  });
+};
+
+const statusTranslateUndo = (state: PollsState, id: string) => {
+  return state.withMutations((map) => {
+    const options = map.get(id)?.options;
+
+    if (options) {
+      options.forEach((item, index) =>
+        map.deleteIn([id, 'options', index, 'translation']),
+      );
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+export const pollsReducer: Reducer<PollsState> = (
+  state = initialState,
+  action,
+) => {
+  if (importPolls.match(action)) {
+    return state.withMutations((polls) => {
+      action.payload.polls.forEach((poll) => polls.set(poll.id, poll));
+    });
+  } else if (action.type === STATUS_TRANSLATE_SUCCESS)
+    return statusTranslateSuccess(
+      state,
+      (action.translation as { poll?: Poll }).poll,
+    );
+  else if (action.type === STATUS_TRANSLATE_UNDO)
+    return statusTranslateUndo(state, action.pollId as string);
+  else return state;
+};